ReligiousArt

Art-History in the Context of Bible, Theology and Religion ...

Send us an  e-mail

Art-History in Religious Context

 "Art history is the study of objects of art in their historical development and stylistic contexts, i.e.genre, design, format and style. This includes the "grand" arts of painting, sculpture, and architecture as well as the "designs" arts of ceramics, furniture, and other decorative objects.
In Art history you use several methods of studying the visual arts.
Like the analysis of historical trends in politics, literature, and sciences, the discipline benefits from the clarity and portability of the written word, but art historians also rely on formal analysis, semiotics (the study of meaning-making, the study of sign processes and meaningful communication), (psychoanalyse) and iconography. The study of visual art "like" described, can be a practice " which"  involves understanding context, form, and social significance. ...
Art historians employ a number of methods in their research into the ontology (a branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of existence or [countable] a list of concepts and categories in a subject area that shows the relationships between them) and history of objects.
These include iconographic, semiotic, formalist and materialist methodologies; critical theory, queer theory, "society" critiques; along with the historiography of the discipline focussing on the role of biography, the philosophy of aesthetics, and art criticism."

The relidious context is mostely the bible, the culture, the life, the tradition, and ... We have of the bible several translations. And several interpretations of the words of the bible . We have several developedtraditions ...
Furtheron you need knowledge about museology and collecting and restauration in the way, which protect the art works!

https://en.wikipedia.org
http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

The motifof all the following art picturesare the First Book of Moses, socalled GENESIS.

THE CREATION OF THE WORLD

Out of our text motif the artists have made different pictures. Some went on and put it into the architecture, some painted only a side of a book. The illustrations shows different parts of the work of god during the creation of the world.

Other art objects with the theme from "Figuers de Dieu" - Author: Dominique Ponnau - and other sources:

http://www.albion-prints.com/munster-c1570-woodcut-creation-of-the-world-title-page-8823-p.asp
https://art.famsf.org/antonio-tempesta/orbis-fabrica-creation-world-pl1-series-ovid%E2%80%99s-metamorphoses-19891134
https://art.famsf.org/antonio-tempesta/orbis-fabrica-creation-world-pl1-series-ovid%E2%80%99s-metamorphoses-19891134
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Creation_of_world_icon_%2819_c.,_S-Peterburg%29.jpeg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dating_creation
http://www.canvaz.com/gallery/445.htm
http://www.gettyimages.fr/detail/illustration/the-creation-of-the-world-miniature-from-the-bible-of-graphisme/142456347
https://fr.pinterest.com/pin/279504720598629468/
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_LU-VCffjJJ0/S9kv1gIhleI/AAAAAAAAEfU/hMvFHsIi5dw/s1600/the+creation+of+the+world+1476+nicolas+jenson+latin+bible+detail.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Malnazar_-_The_Creation_of_the_World_-_Google_Art_Project_detail.jpg
http://jothelibrarian.tumblr.com/post/30031797192/pretty-medieval-manuscript-of-the-day-depicts-the
http://www.swaen.com/antique-map-of.php?id=12511
http://www.orthodoxartsjournal.org/the-theology-of-the-icon-as-a-hermeneutic-tool-in-the-dialog-between-science-and-religion-part-two/
https://letterstocreationists.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/luther-bible-creatn-color1.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dating_creation

 Sources - "Figuers de Dieu" - Author: Dominique Ponnau

If we want to talk about art history objects, we have 4 points: First we have to find the Basic dates;  then  can follows a descriptively Objectdescription, an Objectanalyse of the object and the Object interpretation.
The basic dates are mostly clear. They are published somewhere. For the objective description you have to be very exact. In my opinion you have to be so exact, that you can make a reprint without the original.
In the background is the sky ... In the forderground  are mostly the important things ... in the middle you find less important things ...
The motif of this art objects are the stories of the bible -  here the Genesis. - The creation of the world.
The Objectanalyse you will find things which repeat and things which are one time there. EG..Here it appears that mostly you find the circle as a special sign at the objects. he compositions are made often out of circles. And there is god as a person who do the work...
The frogperspective rules the pictures ... you can interpretate it , that it mean the observer has to look up to the sujet. But how it is made? Where are the Lines?
The Object interpretation  will confirm that what you find out and know or deny it. First you can find the used symbolic. What references you find to the epoch? Do you find references to other artists works? What are your own approaches to any statement of the image and the artist's intention?

TASK - Art-Object-Analyse: 
What should be in an Art-History-Object-Analyse?
What should be in an Art-History-Object-Essay?
Please, write one for one of the art object!

TASK -Listen the text en francaise:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GSIt9RlNf7E

THE TEXT MOTIF OF THE CREATION OF THE WORLD

"1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. 2 Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters.
3 And God said, “Let there be light,” and there was light. 4 God saw that the light was good, and he separated the light from the darkness. 5 God called the light “day,” and the darkness he called “night.” And there was evening, and there was morning—the first day.
6 And God said, “Let there be a vault between the waters to separate water from water.” 7 So God made the vault and separated the water under the vault from the water above it. And it was so. 8 God called the vault “sky.” And there was evening, and there was morning—the second day.
9 And God said, “Let the water under the sky be gathered to one place, and let dry ground appear.” And it was so. 10 God called the dry ground “land,” and the gathered waters he called “seas.” And God saw that it was good.
11 Then God said, “Let the land produce vegetation: seed-bearing plants and trees on the land that bear fruit with seed in it, according to their various kinds.” And it was so. 12 The land produced vegetation: plants bearing seed according to their kinds and trees bearing fruit with seed in it according to their kinds. And God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening, and there was morning—the third day.
14 And God said, “Let there be lights in the vault of the sky to separate the day from the night, and let them serve as signs to mark sacred times, and days and years, 15 and let them be lights in the vault of the sky to give light on the earth.” And it was so. 16 God made two great lights—the greater light to govern the day and the lesser light to govern the night. He also made the stars. 17 God set them in the vault of the sky to give light on the earth, 18 to govern the day and the night, and to separate light from darkness. And God saw that it was good. 19 And there was evening, and there was morning—the fourth day.
20 And God said, “Let the water teem with living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth across the vault of the sky.” 21 So God created the great creatures of the sea and every living thing with which the water teems and that moves about in it, according to their kinds, and every winged bird according to its kind. And God saw that it was good. 22 God blessed them and said, “Be fruitful and increase in number and fill the water in the seas, and let the birds increase on the earth.” 23 And there was evening, and there was morning—the fifth day.
24 And God said, “Let the land produce living creatures according to their kinds: the livestock, the creatures that move along the ground, and the wild animals, each according to its kind.” And it was so. 25 God made the wild animals according to their kinds, the livestock according to their kinds, and all the creatures that move along the ground according to their kinds. And God saw that it was good.
26 Then God said, “Let us make mankind in our image, in our likeness, so that they may rule over the fish in the sea and the birds in the sky, over the livestock and all the wild animals,[a] and over all the creatures that move along the ground.”
27 So God created mankind in his own image, in the image of God he created them; male and female he created them.
28 God blessed them and said to them, “Be fruitful and increase in number; fill the earth and subdue it. Rule over the fish in the sea and the birds in the sky and over every living creature that moves on the ground.”
29 Then God said, “I give you every seed-bearing plant on the face of the whole earth and every tree that has fruit with seed in it. They will be yours for food. 30 And to all the beasts of the earth and all the birds in the sky and all the creatures that move along the ground—everything that has the breath of life in it—I give every green plant for food.” And it was so.
31 God saw all that he had made, and it was very good. And there was evening, and there was morning—the sixth day.y."

http://www.art-prints-on-demand.com
http://www.sonntagsblatt.de
https://en.wikipedia.org
http://www.imagebroker.com
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Creation_of_world_icon_%28Russia,_18_c.%29.jpeg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creation_of_the_World_%28Raphael%29
https://www.biblegateway.com
https://www.biblegateway.com/quicksearch/?quicksearch=moses+1&qs_version=CEV
https://www.die-bibel.de
http://www.art-prints-on-demand.com/a/not-assigned.html
http://www.y-mailliet-le-penven.net/LA-GENESE-SELON-LA-BIBLE-1.html
http://www.abipedia.de/bildanalyse.php
http://www.seraphim-marc-elie.fr/article-les-mythes-fondateurs-123092558.html

The word " paradise " is the origin home of the peoples, the Garden of Eden , so called ( 1. Genesis 2 : 7-15 ). The Bible describes this place as the home of the first two people  ( 1 Genesis 1:27 , 28 ) . Because they do not listen to God , they have  lost - were thrown out of the paradise.Genesis 2:7-15

THE PARADISE, GARDEN EDEN

The pictures mostly show the garden, nice things for the eyes and they have mostly a lot to eat. Mostly the people who live in the Paradise or Garden Eden live close to a lot of animals. Only "the last jugement" show only a garden with people and without  animals.

THE TEXT MOTIF OF THE PARADISE, GARDEN EDEN

 "7 Then the Lord God formed a man from the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living being.
8 Now the Lord God had planted a garden in the east, in Eden; and there he put the man he had formed. 9 The Lord God made all kinds of trees grow out of the ground — trees that were pleasing to the eye and good for food. In the middle of the garden were the tree of life and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.
10 A river watering the garden flowed from Eden; from there it was separated into four headwaters. 11 The name of the first is the Pishon; it winds through the entire land of Havilah, where there is gold. 12 (The gold of that land is good; aromatic resin and onyx are also there.) 13 The name of the second river is the Gihon; it winds through the entire land of Cush. 14 The name of the third river is the Tigris; it runs along the east side of Ashur. And the fourth river is the Euphrates.
15 The Lord God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to work it and take care of it."

Resources
Fernandes, Luis Alonso - Museologia y museografia - Barcelona 2001
Alfredo De Paz - LA REVOLUCIÓN ROMÁNTICA-Poéticas, estéticas, ideologies - Madrid, 1992. http://www.terras.edu.ar/biblioteca/9/9AyE_DePaz_2_Unidad_3.pdf
Kirschenblatt-Gimblett, Barbara - Destination Culture. Tourism, Museums and Heritage - London 1998.
Alexander, Edward P. - Museums in Motion - An Introduction to the History and Functions of Museums. Nashville 1993.
Architecture et musee - Paris 2001.

https://arthistory327.wordpress.com/2012/11/19/1571/
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roelant_Savery_-_The_Paradise_-_WGA20896.jpg
http://www.paintinghere.com/painting/lucas_cranach_the_elder_the_paradise_19885.html
http://www.schweinfurt.de/kultur-tourismus/aktuelles/4107.Biblische-Landschaften-8211-das-Paradies-als-ein-Fruehlingsmorgen.html
https://www.biblegateway.com

TASK - Art-Object-Collecting: Find Key Concepts of Museology.
For example at this site:
http://icom.museum/professional-standards/key-concepts-of-museology/

ICOM Code of Ethics for Museums - http://icom.museum/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/Codes/code_ethics2013_eng.pdf
1. Museums preserve, interpret and promote the natural and cultural inheritance of humanity.
2. Museums that maintain collections hold them in trust for the benefit of society and its development.
• Acquiring collections
• Removing collections
• Care of collections
3. M useums hold primary evidence for establishing and furthering knowledge.
• Primary evidence
• Museum collecting & research
4. Museums provide opportunities for the appreciation, understanding and management of the natural and cultural heritage.
• Display and exhibition
• Other resources
5. Museums hold resources that provide opportunities for other public services and benefits.
6. Museums work in close collaboration with the communities from which their collections originate as well as those they serve.
• Origin of collections
• Respect for communities served
7. Museums operate in a legal manner.
8. Museums operate in a professional manner.

The happenings in Garden Eden or the Paradise you could study on your own.  They have painted a lot of pictures of Adam und Eva. If you like do a research. At the end was the throwing out of the paradise.

Expulsion from the Garden of Eden

Other Objects to the theme of Expulsion from the Garden of Eden

 https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_und_Eva#/media/File:AdamEveGhiberti.jpg

PROTECTION OF THE ART OBJECTS
eg Restoration and Reconstruction etc.

TASK -You see in the left column the original and it looks like that the second is the product of a restauration. At the 2. picture you can realize the problems of each restauration. Describe it.

TASK - Art-Object-Restauration: Find Key Concepts of Restauration.

TASK - Find the difference between Restoration and Reconstruction. How would you define it.

DEFINITION - The German Duden tells for
Restoration to bring it into the original state eg restoration of health
Restaurierung, Instandsetzung, Restoration - to make it complete and workable
Reparation - to make it workable
Rekonstruktion, Reconstruction - to find the original state of the object
Modernisierung, Make it modern - to bring it to the actual state
conservation  - to freeze the state of the object
Have you other definitions?

TASK - Compare the Reparation of the following garden picture. Is such a reparation acceptable?
http://www.sonjas-kunst.ch/images/reko_3v.gif
http://www.sonjas-kunst.ch/images/reko_3w.gif
http://www.sonjas-kunst.ch/images/reko_3n.gif

TASK - Here also - Compare the Reparation of the following sculpture pictures.
http://www.sonjas-kunst.ch/images/reko_1v.gif
http://www.sonjas-kunst.ch/images/reko_1n.gif

TASK - Look - So they do sometimes Oilpainting Restoration
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DvNbK-uOibQ&ebc=ANyPxKobxIa5wuqyjskfCP4iVkPw6DwJ1HSs5sU2c5qmnj0qm4xWL5_QjS63xPeLFxvNvRK4PxptrdkSraWvbESfX_0-q4wY9Q
The gold of the frame is missing
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=itaGI3JAY-0&ebc=ANyPxKobxIa5wuqyjskfCP4iVkPw6DwJ1HSs5sU2c5qmnj0qm4xWL5_QjS63xPeLFxvNvRK4PxptrdkSraWvbESfX_0-q4wY9Q

TASK -  Look - Art Restoration: The Fine Line Between Art and Science
http://www.yalescientific.org/2010/12/art-restoration-the-fine-line-between-art-and-science/

TASK  - The Worst Art Restoration Mistakes of All Time - Only for recognation.
http://io9.gizmodo.com/5938377/the-worst-art-restoration-mistakes-of-all-time

Art conservation and restoration, any attempt to conserve and repair architecture, paintings, drawings, prints, sculptures, and objects of the decorative arts (furniture, glassware, metalware, textiles, ceramics, and so on) that have been adversely affected by negligence, willful damage, or, more usually, the inevitable decay caused by the effects of time and human use on the materials of which they are made.
The term art conservation denotes the maintenance and preservation of works of art and their protection from future damage and deterioration. Art restoration, by contrast, denotes the repair or renovation of artworks that have already sustained injury or decay and the attempted ...
http://global.britannica.com/art/art-conservation-and-restoration

NEW

TASK - Some Thought about culturalprotection you find also here. Perhaps for you interesting.

http://culturalprotection.yolasite.com/

NEW

TASK - Some Thought about destruction ... the destruction first thesis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8VIKJHvZuI

THE LAST JUDGEMENT

THE TEXT MOTIF OF THE LAST JUDGEMENT

James 2,13: 21st Century King James Version (KJ21) 13 "For he shall have judgment without mercy, who hath shown no mercy; and mercy rejoiceth against judgment."
Matthew 3,7: 21st Century King James Version (KJ21) 7 But when he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees coming to his baptism, he said unto them, “O generation of vipers, who hath warned you to flee from the wrath to come?

Menge-Bibel – Jak 2,13 "... Denn das Gericht verfährt erbarmungslos gegen den, der kein Erbarmen geübt hat; die...  "

Einheitsübersetzung – Hes 20,3 "... 36Wie ich mit euren Vätern in der Wüste Ägyptens ins Gericht gegangen bin, so will ich auch mit euch ins Gericht gehen - Spruch Gottes, des Herrn. 37Ich lasse euch unter dem Hirtenstab an mir vorbeiziehen und zähle euch ab. 38Die Abtrünnigen und alle, die sich gegen mich auflehnten, sondere ich von euch ab."

Einheitsübersetzung – Mt 3,7 und LK 3,7 "... 7Das Volk zog in Scharen zu ihm hinaus, um sich von ihm taufen zu lassen. Er sagte zu ihnen: Ihr Schlangenbrut, wer hat euch denn gelehrt, dass ihr dem kommenden Gericht entrinnen könnt?"

ART and ARCHITECTURE

Style

The classical art of Europe beganns with the romanic Style. Before we have Egypt, closer Asian and Greek, RomanArt and Architecture Style. It is even important. So we take modern picture for this interesting information.

Roman Architecture and Art

TASK - Listen the Lecture
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7dUFioSOsCE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0mp9S-zMcqU

TASK - What orders for the colomns do you know. Find others, please.
 What orders have the egypt architects? http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/columns.htm
What orders use the greek architects? Search the names of the parts at the paper.
http://www.sn.schule.de/~gym-ehrenberg-dz/wwwKunst/ablaetter/pdf/saeulenordnung.pdf
Please visit: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nrRJkzXl4a4

TASK - What happened during the egypt, closer asian, greek and roman time at the christian story (Bible)?
Find the text sources at the bible.
Are there Art who talk about this times ...?
Very famous is perhaps The Tower of Babel by Pieter Bruegel the Elder

TASK - Study other art and architecture objects from these times.
schoolscience
http://m.schuelerlexikon.de/mobile_kunst/Roemische_Kunst.htm
http://www.wissen-digital.de/Byzantinische_Kunst

TASK - Study the Literature:
Vitruv (Marcus Vitruvius Pollio)  - The ten books on architecture.
http://academics.triton.edu/faculty/fheitzman/Vitruvius__the_Ten_Books_on_Architecture.pdf

Byzantine Architecture and Art

TASK - Listen the Lecture
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dkDoeBRl_gY

TASK - Listen the Lecture

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XOAImntHsZg

RomanesqueArchitecture and Art

TASK - Listen the Lecture

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szic7x_o6TA

TASK - Study other art and architecture objects from these times.
http://www.eds.em.bw.schule.de/hwrs/projekte/romanik.htm
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hildesheimer_Dom
popular science
http://m.schuelerlexikon.de/mobile_kunst/Romanische_Malerei.htm
school science
http://www.br.de/fernsehen/ard-alpha/sendungen/stil-epochen/stil-epochen138.html

Other romanic culture objects
http://www.rhein-eifel.tv/kirchen-kloester/kloester-in-der-eifel/abtei-maria-laach.html

Gothic Architecture and Art

TASK - Listen the Lecture

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sgv5vtZdx84
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W68tgqiN2iQ

DEFINITION - Gothic is a European stylistic period (from the mid 12th to the end of the 15th century) in especially the [religious] architecture (with ribbed vaulting, Ogivals, buttresses, tracery), [architecture] plastic and table and book painting.
Gothic was developed from the tribe of the Goths on and writes the Gothic concerning belonging to her.

DEFINITION - Gothic ist eine  europäische Stilepoche (von der Mitte des 12. bis zum Ende des 15. Jahrhunderts) in [Sakral]architektur (mit Rippengewölben, Spitzbogen, Strebewerk, Maßwerk), [Architektur]plastik sowie Tafel- und Buchmalerei, gotisch wurde aus dem den Volksstamm der Goten betreffend entwickelt und meint die Gotik betreffend, zu ihr gehörend.

TASK - Study other art and architecture objects from these times. For Example:

• Reims Cathedral

• Chartres Cathedral

• The Cathedral of Saint-Gatian, Tours, France

• The Palazzo Pubblico, Siena, Italy

• Oudenaarde Town Hall, Oudenaarde, Belgium

• Church of San Pablo, Valladolid, Spain

• Basilica of the Assumption of Mary, Kraków, Poland

• The Parish Church of St Mary Redcliffe, Bristol, England

• Rheinstein Castle, Trechtingshausen, Germany

• Saint-Denis nördlich von Paris

TASK - Find more characteristics of gothic architecture and art.

• Spitzbögen an Fenstern und Portalen

• Gewölbeformen wie Kreuzrippengewölbe mit Skelettbauweise, Netzgewölbe, Zellengewölbe

• Strebebögen und Strebepfeiler

• vielfarbige Glasfenster

• lichtdurchflutete Innenräume

  ...

More in German ...
http://www.kirchen-und-kapellen.de/gotik
http://m.schuelerlexikon.de/mobile_kunst/Gotische_Architektur.htm

TASK - Find more characteristics of the 3 different phases of gothic architecture and art.

• Frühgotik

• Hochgotik

• Spätgotik

Baroque Architecture and Art

We need the definition of Baroque , to know in which time we are.

DEFINITION - The Baroque (US /bəˈroʊk/ or UK /bəˈrɒk/) is often thought of as a period of artistic style that used exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur in sculpture, painting, architecture, literature, dance, theater, and music. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroque
Duden tells "durch kraftvolle, verschwenderisch gestaltete Formen und pathetischen Ausdruck gekennzeichneter Stil in der europäischen Kunst, Dichtung und Musik von etwa 1600 bis 1750 "

TASK - What is the difference between Baroque and Rococo?

Sources - http://mujweb.cz/architektura
http://mujweb.cz/architektura/arch5.htm

TASK - There are a lot of Baroque Churches and Sculptures:Please find some.

Dating Problems

Renaissance Architecture and Art

TASK - Listen the Lecture

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3C4ubVgA9cs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6CSUgqbEFxs

We need the definition of renaissance, to know in which time we are.

DEFINITION -A cultural movement in Europe which starts from Italy in the transition from the Middle Ages to modern times, which is characterized by a return to values and forms of Greco-Roman antiquity in literature, philosophy, science and for their style, especially in art and architecture simplicity and clarity of forms and the lines are characteristic
The era of the Renaissance is dated from the 14th to 16th century
It is a spiritual and artistic movement that after a long time break consciously to older traditions, especially to the Greco-Roman antiquity, to link and develop them
A (school language) re-emergence, revival
A synonym for comeback, rebirth (Duden)

Eine von Italien ausgehende kulturelle Bewegung in Europa im Übergang vom Mittelalter zur Neuzeit, die gekennzeichnet ist durch eine Rückbesinnung auf Werte und Formen der griechisch-römischen Antike in Literatur, Philosophie, Wissenschaft und für deren Stil besonders in Kunst und Architektur Einfachheit und Klarheit der Formen und der Linienführung charakteristisch sind
Die Epoche der Renaissance vom 14. bis 16. Jahrhundert
Eine geistige und künstlerische Bewegung, die nach einer längeren zeitlichen Unterbrechung bewusst an ältere Traditionen, besonders an die griechisch-römische Antike, anzuknüpfen und sie weiterzuentwickeln versucht
Ein (bildungssprachlich) erneutes Aufleben, neue Blüte
Ein Synonym fuer Comeback, Wiedergeburt(Duden)

TASK - Study other art and architecture objects from these times.
TASK - Study the life and the books of -Leon Battista Alberti

https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:Alberti_-_De_re_aedificatoria,_1541.djvu&page=7

Palladism

 TASK: What is Palladios research?

Classical

  TASK: Find the Definition.

  TASK: Find other examples.

  TASK: Do you know enough about ... If not study it.

Art noveau

Art modern

(NOTE- Until now it is not controlled all sources in a scientific way very well.)

MARA.ZAPF@YAHOO.DE

Accueil  
© Copyright 2016

mara.zapf@yahoo.com